Key Takeaways
- Environmental compliance is essential to avoid legal and financial ruin.
- Regular inspections and maintenance reduce risk and keep systems operating safely.
- Implementing spill prevention and emergency response plans is non-negotiable.
- Vapor recovery systems must meet installation, operation, and testing standards.
- Proper record-keeping protects your business in the event of an audit or incident.
Servicing a gas station isn’t just about fueling vehicles—it’s about protecting people, property, and the environment.
For professionals in the petroleum equipment service industry, staying compliant with environmental regulations isn’t optional. Failure to do so can result in catastrophic consequences like soil and groundwater contamination from underground storage tank (UST) leaks, fires, or air pollution from vapor emissions.
The cost of remediation is steep, and station owners are often financially and legally liable for cleanup, fines, and regulatory penalties.
As the frontline defenders of compliance, petroleum equipment service providers must know and enforce industry best practices and environmental standards. This article outlines key responsibilities and regulatory touchpoints to keep in mind.
The Consequences of Non-Compliance
Neglecting environmental standards can trigger a domino effect:
- Soil and Groundwater Contamination: Leaks from USTs or faulty piping can pollute local ecosystems.
- Expensive Cleanup: Environmental remediation can cost hundreds of thousands (and sometimes millions) of dollars.
- Legal and Financial Liability: Gas station owners may be fined, sued, or forced to cease operations.
- Damage to Reputation: Non-compliance may erode customer trust and community goodwill.
Common Compliance Areas
1. Vapor and Groundwater Monitoring
Routine testing of soil and groundwater ensures no fuel leaks have occurred. Federal UST regulations (40 CFR Part 280) require these checks to catch contamination early.
- Install dual-sensor monitoring systems for redundancy.
- Document all readings with timestamps for easy auditing.
2. Spill Containment
Secondary containment systems such as spill buckets help prevent releases during fuel delivery. These must be periodically tested for integrity.
- Check that overfill prevention equipment activates properly when substances reach the correct level and maintain records of the inspection.
- Use double-walled spill buckets with interstitial monitoring.
3. Leak Detection
Automatic tank gauging (ATG) systems are one way to monitor fuel volume levels and detect leaks. They can meet federal tank testing requirements with either a static or statistical test. EPA rules mandate leak detection for all USTs holding petroleum. Regulatory requirements and release detection methods will vary for pressurized piping versus suction piping.
- Set up ATG email or text alerts for abnormal readings or tank discrepancies.
Pro Tip #1: Do not ignore the ATG alarm! Some operators get annoyed and turn off the ATG to get rid of the beeping. Respond immediately to an alarm or blinking lights.
4. Corrosion Protection
USTs and piping must be protected from corrosion, often through cathodic protection systems, which need regular testing per EPA guidelines. Other methods include using a noncorrodible material for tanks or piping, electrical isolation, and secondary containment.
- Record voltage and amperage levels during each test.
- If applicable, check for exposed wires which may belong to the cathodic protection system.
- Paint exposed steel components with anti-corrosive coatings, such as dielectric.
5. Vacuum/Pressure Monitoring
Monitoring pressure in tanks and piping systems ensures system integrity. Sudden drops may signal a leak. Automatic line leak detectors (LLDs) monitor line pressure and the flow restrictor or shutoff will slow or prevent product flow during a leak.
Pro Tip # 2: Use remote telemetry for 24/7 pressure monitoring.
6. Sensor Inspection
Sensors used in ATGs and sump monitors must be routinely tested and calibrated to ensure they function correctly.
- Clean sensors monthly to prevent false alarms.
- Maintain a sensor inventory log to track inspection schedules.
7. Containment Sump Visual Inspections
These sumps must be checked regularly for damage, liquid or debris, or leaks in the interstitial area. Visual inspections are typically required annually or more frequently depending on state requirements to maintain UST systems, but they don’t meet the EPA’s periodic integrity test requirements.
- Use inspection checklists during site visits.
8. Spill Bucket Integrity and Overfill Prevention Operability
When a delivery hose disconnects from the fill pipe, spills can occur. Placing containment such as a spill bucket around the fill pipe catches these. Spill buckets, also known as a catchment basin, must be tested for liquid tightness. They need to be able to hold several gallons. This liquid needs to be removed with a pump or drain.
Overfill protection devices must activate at 90-95% tank capacity to restrict the flow and alert the transfer operator. This helps to prevent release when the tank gets close to being full. Types include automatic shutoff devices, overfill alarms, and flow restrictors.
- Replace damaged or worn spill bucket seals promptly.
- Verify overfill device response times during delivery simulations.
Vapor Recovery Systems
Vapor recovery systems capture gasoline vapors during vehicle refueling or delivery. They can reduce air pollution and save money by preventing the loss of gasoline into the air.
These systems are regulated by federal and state agencies, such as CARB. Regulations vary by state, but key components include:
- Installation: Must meet standards such as California Air Resources Board (CARB) or EPA Phase I/II guidelines.
- Operation: Systems should function automatically during fueling and not require manual activation.
- Maintenance: Regular inspection and replacement of worn components is mandatory.
- Testing: Annual or biennial performance tests may be required depending on local laws. States like California require annual pressure decay and vapor recovery tests.
Spill Prevention and Emergency Response
Proper Storage, Labeling, and Handling
- Store fuel and chemicals in compatible, clearly labeled containers.
- Label hazards per OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS).
- Secure flammable materials away from ignition sources.
- Train employees on handling procedures and hazard communication (HAZCOM).
Emergency Spill Response Plan
- Response Kits: Trucks should be stocked with containment booms, absorbent pads, gloves, goggles, and disposal bags.
- Plan Elements: Outline procedures for containment and reporting. Include contact numbers, procedures for small and large spills, evacuation steps, and cleanup protocols.
- Training: Staff must be trained on how to use spill response equipment and who to contact.
Record-Keeping and Reporting
Accurate, up-to-date documentation is a cornerstone of compliance and protects you during audits.
Businesses must retain:
- Inspection Logs: Maintain logs for leak tests, sensor checks, and containment inspections. When in doubt, keep it.
- Monitoring Records: Groundwater, vapor, and tank monitoring data. Archive monthly ATG reports.
- Training Certificates: Retain copies of all employee compliance training.
- Permits and Licenses: All applicable operating permits. Keep up-to-date copies onsite.
- Incident Reports: Any spills, leaks, or system failures. Complete and file reports within 24 hours of any incident.
Conclusion
Your role in the petroleum equipment industry goes far beyond installation and service—you are the first line of defense against environmental disasters.
By staying informed and compliant, you protect not only your business but also public health and the environment.
Environmental safety is your legacy—don’t let shortcuts write your story.
FAQ
1. How often should we inspect vapor recovery systems?
This varies by jurisdiction, but most states require at least annual testing and maintenance.
2. Are spill buckets required for every fill port?
Yes. Every tank fill port must be equipped with a spill bucket, and they must pass integrity tests every three years.
3. What is cathodic protection, and why is it needed?
It’s a corrosion control method using electrical currents to prevent rust in UST systems. Without it, steel tanks are prone to failure.
4. Who do I contact in case of a fuel spill?
Immediately notify the local fire department, state environmental agency, and the National Response Center (1-800-424-8802).
